These results not only enrich the forms of motion of directrons, but also lay the foundations for customized trajectories of directrons in future developments. Doping is a direct and effective strategy to passivate defects and improve the crystal quality of perovskite films. The resolution for zigzag steering of directrons is evaluated to be approximately 56 μm to 80 μm, about three to four times the length of directrons. High-quality perovskite film is crucial to realizing high-efficiency stable perovskite solar cells. Zigzag and fishhook-shaped trajectories of directrons are realized with two orthogonal polarized beams. The optimum exposure dose for directrons to form over a broad range of electric fields is determined to be 32.4 J cm −2 for the alignment layers with 1 wt% azo dye SD1. In this work, the strategy of constructing high-resolution periodic alignment fields for directrons via the polarization holography photoalignment technique is presented. However, manipulating directrons along elaborate predetermined trajectories still remains to be largely explored. It is your responsibility to determine if a sign will comply. While our safety sign designs are based on standards published by OHSA and ANSI, we make no guarantees that the signs are suitable for a particular use. ![]() We recommend using Adobe Reader for the best results. As electrically generated solitons in liquid crystals, directrons represent intriguing structures promising extensive application prospects in the areas of microcargo vehicles, microreactors, and logic devices. Our sign templates are designed for 8.5 x 11 (letter size) paper.
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